安装cocoapods时碰到一个报错。

sudo gem install cocoapods
ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
...
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

出现这种情况，大概率是我电脑 ruby 的版本太低了，导致不能安装最新的CocoaPods。

Olivers-MMP:~ guozh$ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.10p210 (2022-04-12 revision 67958) [universal.x86_64-darwin20]

那不安装最新 CocoaPods ，指定一个低版本是否可行呢？参考 Mac Flutter环境配置 — CocoaPods not installed解决方案。

sudo gem install cocoapods -v 1.8.4

使用如上命令确实安装成功了，但在 Flutter 中启动 Xcode 就会报错，启动失败。

Warning: CocoaPods minimum required version 1.9.0 or greater not installed. Skipping pod install.

根据以上，提醒我们需要一个至少 1.9 版本的 CocoaPods，那我卸载然后继续安装 1.9 版本是否就可以了呢？

# 卸载
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods

sudo gem install cocoapods -v 1.9.4

我尝试后，发现又安装失败。所以现在的情况就只有一个办法，升级 ruby。

Olivers-MMP:~ guozh$ ruby -v
ruby 2.6.10p210 (2022-04-12 revision 67958) [universal.x86_64-darwin20]
Olivers-MMP:~ guozh$ which ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

使用 homebrew 安装新版本 ruby。

brew install ruby

安装后会提醒如下

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/guozh/.bash_profile

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"

大概是建议我们配置新安装ruby的环境变量，不用多想，按照提示来(不要复制如下路径，复制你终端提示的命令)

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/**/.bash_profile

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"

source /Users/**/.bash_profile

再查看 ruby 版本，已经是新版本了。

Olivers-MMP:~ root# ruby -v
ruby 3.2.1 (2023-02-08 revision 31819e82c8) [x86_64-darwin20]
Olivers-MMP:~ root# which ruby
/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/ruby

OK，再安装 cocoapods，如果之前有安装记得先卸载（卸载命令上面有）。

sudo gem install cocoapods

如果上面安装后运行项目还提醒没有安装 cocoapods not installing，那就这样做

sudo gem uninstall cocoapods
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

希望以上内容能帮到你。

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